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Timed and targeted differential regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and anti-NOS genes by reward conditioning leading to long-term memory formation
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-07, 23:39 authored by Sergei Korneev, Volko Straub, Ildiko KemenesIldiko Kemenes, Elena I Korneeva, Swidbert R Ott, Paul R Benjamin, Michael O'SheaIn a number of neuronal models of learning, signaling by the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by the enzyme neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), is essential for the formation of long-term memory (LTM). Using the molluscan model system Lymnaea, we investigate here whether LTM formation is associated with specific changes in the activity of members of the NOS gene family: Lym-nNOS1, Lym-nNOS2, and the antisense RNA-producing pseudogene (anti-NOS). We show that expression of the Lym-nNOS1 gene is transiently upregulated in cerebral ganglia after conditioning. The activation of the gene is precisely timed and occurs at the end of a critical period during which NO is required for memory consolidation. Moreover, we demonstrate that this induction of the Lym-nNOS1 gene is targeted to an identified modulatory neuron called the cerebral giant cell (CGC). This neuron gates the conditioned feeding response and is an essential part of the neural network involved in LTM formation. We also show that the expression of the anti-NOS gene, which functions as a negative regulator of nNOS expression, is downregulated in the CGC by training at 4 h after conditioning, during the critical period of NO requirement. This appears to be the first report of the timed and targeted differential regulation of the activity of a group of related genes involved in the production of a neurotransmitter that is necessary for learning, measured in an identified neuron of known function. We also provide the first example of the behavioral regulation of a pseudogene.
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Publication status
- Published
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- Published version
Journal
Journal of NeuroscienceISSN
0270-6474Publisher
Society for NeuroscienceExternal DOI
Issue
5Volume
25Page range
1188-1192Pages
5.0Department affiliated with
- Neuroscience Publications
Notes
First author. This paper was chosen for the This Week in the Journal. We report on timed training-provoked differential regulation of genes associated with the production of NO in a key modulatory neuron. Our findings provide a first demonstration of a pseudogene whose expression is regulated by a behavioral stimulus.Full text available
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Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2012-02-06First Open Access (FOA) Date
2016-03-22First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2016-08-17Usage metrics
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