Exclusionary vs. inclusionary populism: comparing contemporary Europe and Latin America

Although there is a lively academic debate about contemporary populism in Europe and Latin America, almost no cross-regional research exists on this topic. This article aims to fill this gap by showing that a minimal and ideological definition of populism permits us to analyse current expressions of populism in both regions. Moreover, based on a comparison of four prototypical cases (FN/Le Pen and FPO /Haider in Europe and PSUV/Chavez and MAS/Morales in Latin America), we show that is possible to identify two regional subtypes of populism: exclusionary populism in Europe and inclusionary populism in Latin America