Nicholls_&_Hempel_insects-04-00542.pdf (427.9 kB)
Pollen elicits proboscis extension but does not reinforce PER learning in honeybees
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-08, 18:42 authored by Beth NichollsBeth Nicholls, Natalie Hempel de IbarraThe function of pollen as a reward for foraging bees is little understood, though there is evidence to suggest that it can reinforce associations with visual and olfactory floral cues. Foraging bees do not feed on pollen, thus one could argue that it cannot serve as an appetitive reinforcer in the same way as sucrose. However, ingestion is not a critical parameter for sucrose reinforcement, since olfactory proboscis extension (PER) learning can be conditioned through antennal stimulation only. During pollen collection, the antennae and mouthparts come into contact with pollen, thus it is possible that pollen reinforces associative learning through similar gustatory pathways as sucrose. Here pollen was presented as the unconditioned stimulus (US), either in its natural state or in a 30% pollen-water solution, and was found to elicit proboscis extension following antennal stimulation. Control groups were exposed to either sucrose or a clean sponge as the US, or an unpaired presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and pollen US. Despite steady levels of responding to the US, bees did not learn to associate a neutral odour with the delivery of a pollen reward, thus whilst pollen has a proboscis extension releasing function, it does not reinforce olfactory PER learning.
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Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Published version
Journal
InsectsISSN
2075-4450Publisher
MDPIExternal DOI
Issue
4Volume
4Page range
542-557Department affiliated with
- Evolution, Behaviour and Environment Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2014-10-16First Open Access (FOA) Date
2014-10-16First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2014-10-16Usage metrics
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