Fraser_God_Made_the_Soil.pdf (866.93 kB)
“God made the soil, but we made it fertile”: gender, knowledge, and practice in the formation and use of African dark earths in Liberia and Sierra Leone
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-08, 19:56 authored by Victoria Frausin, James Angus Fraser, Woulay Narmah, Morrison K Lahai, Thomas R A Winnebah, James FairheadJames Fairhead, Melissa LeachMelissa LeachThis paper describes West African farming practices and knowledge that lead to the formation of carbon-rich high-fertility African Dark Earths (AfDE) – human-made soils analogous to Amazonian terra preta, yet subject to continuing production and use. Gender relations and women’s roles are central to how these soils are produced and used. Through social and ecological field studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone we detail how AfDE formation and associated knowledge is gender-differentiated, the central roles of women’s deposition of charred organic materials from cooking, oil palm processing and potash production in producing AfDE, and the gendered dynamics of AfDE use and distribution in the landscape. Different species are cultivated in AfDE compared to non-anthropogenic soils, and AfDE are differentially valued by women and men for horticultural and tree crops. The spatial distribution of AfDE across the landscape reflects shifting household, marriage and settlement practices. Gender relations, subjectivities and interdependencies and the ecology of soils and landscapes mutually shape one another. National policymakers and NGOs planning or managing agricultural carbon projects in West Africa should attend to the knowledge and practices of Loma and Mende women and men who have made and cultivated carbon-rich anthropogenic soils in the region for generations.
Funding
Anthropogenic Dark Earths in Africa?; G0411; ESRC-ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RESEARCH COUNCIL; RES-062-23-2310
STEPS; R7S5; ESRC-ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RESEARCH COUNCIL; RES 588 28 5001
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Accepted version
Journal
Human EcologyISSN
0300-7839Publisher
Springer VerlagExternal DOI
Issue
5Volume
42Page range
695-710Department affiliated with
- Anthropology Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2015-02-04First Open Access (FOA) Date
2015-07-30First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2015-02-04Usage metrics
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