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Urban working-class food consumption and nutrition in Britain in 1904

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journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-08, 22:34 authored by Ian Gazeley, Andrew Newell
This article re-examines the food consumption of working class households in 1904 and compares the nutritional content of these diets with modern measures of adequacy. We find a fairly steep gradient of nutritional attainment relative to economic class, with high levels of vitamin and mineral deficiency among the very poorest working households. We conclude that the average unskilled-headed working household was better fed and nourished than previously thought. When proper allowance is made for the likely consumption of alcohol, household energy intakes were significantly higher still. We investigate the likely impact of contemporary cultural food distribution norms and conclude on the basis of the very limited evidence available that women may have received, on average, about 80% of a man’s share of the available food. We adjust energy requirements for likely higher physical activity rates and smaller stature and find that except among the poorest households, early twentieth century diets were sufficient to provide energy for reasonably physically demanding work. These results are consistent with recent attempts to relate the available anthropometric evidence to long-run trends in food consumption. We also find that the lower tail of the household nutrition distribution drops away very rapidly, so that few households are estimated to have suffered severe food shortages. JEL Classification: I14, I32, N34 Keywords: nutrition, well-being, Britain, early 20th century.

Funding

The Living Standards of Working Households in Britain, 1904-1960; G0075; ESRC-ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RESEARCH COUNCIL; ES/H000666/1

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Accepted version

Journal

Economic History Review

ISSN

0013-0117

Publisher

Blackwell Publishing

Issue

1

Volume

68

Page range

101-122

Department affiliated with

  • History Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2015-09-18

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2017-03-01

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2015-09-18

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