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DNMT3A review paper AML and CHIP.pdf (2.17 MB)

Epigenetic guardian: a review of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A in acute myeloid leukaemia and clonal haematopoiesis

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posted on 2023-06-09, 06:24 authored by Sabah Chaudry, Timothy ChevassutTimothy Chevassut
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematological malignancy characterized by clonal stem cell proliferation and aberrant block in differentiation. Dysfunction of epigenetic modifiers contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of AML. One frequently mutated gene involved in epigenetic modification is DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase-3-alpha), a DNA methyltransferase that alters gene expression by de novo methylation of cytosine bases at CpG dinucleotides. Approximately 22% of AML and 36% of cytogenetically normal AML cases carry DNMT3A mutations and around 60% of these mutations affect the R882 codon. These mutations have been associated with poor prognosis and adverse survival outcomes for AML patients. Advances in whole-exome sequencing techniques have recently identified a large number of DNMT3A mutations present in clonal cells in normal elderly individuals with no features of haematological malignancy. Categorically distinct from other preleukaemic conditions, this disorder has been termed clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Further insight into the mutational landscape of CHIP may illustrate the consequence of particular mutations found in DNMT3A and identify specific “founder” mutations responsible for clonal expansion that may contribute to leukaemogenesis. This review will focus on current research and understanding of DNMT3A mutations in both AML and CHIP.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

Biomed Research International

ISSN

2314-6133

Publisher

Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Volume

2017

Page range

5473197

Department affiliated with

  • Clinical and Experimental Medicine Publications

Research groups affiliated with

  • Haematology Research Group Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2017-05-24

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2017-05-24

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2017-05-24

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