Turner, J J O, Smolinska, M J, Sacre, S M and Foxwell, B M J (2009) Induction of TLR tolerance in human macrophages by adiponectin: does LPS play a role? Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 69 (4). pp. 329-336. ISSN 1365-3083

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Abstract

Obesity is regarded as a pro-inflammatory state. It is associated with low circulating levels of the adipokine, adiponectin, which is considered to be an anti-inflammatory. However, adiponectin knockout mice do not consistently demonstrate pro-inflammatory phenotypes, suggesting more complexity in the in vivo immunomodulatory effects of adiponectin than originally anticipated. Moreover, adiponectin exerts pro-inflammatory effects in some experimental systems. This contradiction has been resolved by hypothesizing that adiponectin induces tolerance to inflammatory stimuli, notably Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We noticed that this effect resembled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance and therefore tested adiponectin from a variety of sources for LPS contamination. All adiponectin tested carried low levels of LPS in the range of 1-30 pg/microg of adiponectin, sufficient to produce final LPS concentrations in the pg/ml range under experimental conditions. We found that induction of tolerance to TLR ligands by adiponectin in human monocyte-derived macrophages could be reproduced by such LPS concentrations. Moreover, the LPS antagonist, polymixin B, substantially inhibited induction of tolerance by adiponectin. Furthermore, polymixin B and a naturally occurring antagonist LPS were able to partially attenuate induction of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in human monocyte-derived macrophages by adiponectin. Polymixin B also inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling elicited by adiponectin. We therefore propose that some of adiponectin's immunomodulatory effects, in particular, its TLR-tolerising actions in human monocyte-derived macrophages, may be confounded by induction of tolerance by contaminating LPS.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	IDS Number: 415CE
Keywords:	toll-like receptor, macrophage, adiponectin
Schools and Departments:	Brighton and Sussex Medical School > Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR0180 Immunology
Depositing User:	Sandra Sacre
Date Deposited:	22 Aug 2011 14:25
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2017 18:26
URI:	http://srodev.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7073
Google Scholar:	10 Citations

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