chimp_paper_181111_rev_with_Figs.pdf (473.95 kB)
The chimpanzee GH locus: composition, organization, and evolution
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 09:15 authored by Antonio A Pérez-Maya, Iram P Rodríguez-Sánchez, Pieter de Jong, Michael Wallis, Hugo A Barrera-SaldañaIn most mammals the growth hormone (GH) locus comprises a single gene expressed primarily in the anterior pituitary gland. However, in higher primates multiple duplications of the GH gene gave rise to a complex locus containing several genes. In man this locus comprises 5 genes including GH-N (expressed in pituitary) and four genes expressed in the placenta, but in other species the number and organization of these genes varies. The situation in chimpanzee has been unclear, with suggestions of up to seven GH-like genes. We have re-examined the GH locus in chimpanzee and have deduced the complete sequence. The locus includes five genes apparently organized in a similar fashion to those in human, with two of these genes encoding GH-like proteins, and three encoding chorionic somatomammotropins/placental lactogens (CSHs/PLs). There are notable differences between the human and chimpanzee loci with regard to the expressed proteins, gene regulation and gene conversion events. In particular, one human gene (hCSH-L) has changed substantially since the chimpanzee/human split, potentially becoming a pseudogene, while the corresponding chimpanzee gene (CSH-A1) has been conserved, giving a product almost identical to the adjacent CSH-A2. Chimpanzee appears to produce two CSHs, with potentially differing biological properties, whereas human produces a single CSH. The pattern of gene conversion in human has been quite different from that in chimpanzee. The region around the GH-N gene in chimpanzee is remarkable polymorphic, unlike the corresponding region in human. The results shed new light on the complex evolution of the GH-locus in higher primates.
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Accepted version
Journal
Mammalian GenomeISSN
0938-8990Publisher
Springer VerlagExternal DOI
Volume
23Page range
387-398Department affiliated with
- Biochemistry Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2017-12-11First Open Access (FOA) Date
2017-12-11First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2017-12-08Usage metrics
Categories
No categories selectedKeywords
Licence
Exports
RefWorks
BibTeX
Ref. manager
Endnote
DataCite
NLM
DC