Wadud et al 2019 published version.pdf (748.24 kB)
Modelling energy demand from higher education institutions using a hybrid panel model: a case study of the UK
Version 2 2023-06-12, 07:29
Version 1 2023-06-09, 15:44
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-12, 07:29 authored by Zia Wadud, Sarah Royston, Jan SelbyAmong the various sustainability goals of higher education institutions (HEIs), reducing energy use and carbon emissions are particularly important. However, not much is known about energy demand from the higher education sector – especially since there is a lack of robust models of energy demand in this sector. This paper, the first to utilize a panel dataset and advanced panel econometric techniques in order to model energy use in higher education, investigates variations in energy use between HEIs (cross-sectional analysis), and also changes in energy use over time (temporal analysis), using the UK as a case study. We argue that panel dataset and methods are more useful for understanding growth (and reduction) in energy use within the HE sector than the methods used within previous cross-sectional studies. Results show that, over time and also across the sector, energy consumption in the HEIs increases with increases in income and floor space, but at a slower rate. As HEIs grow overall (in terms of income, floor space, student and staff number) over time, they become more 'energy efficient' (using less energy per unit of area, population or income), indicating economies of scale in the temporal dimension. Results also show that after controlling for income and size, research intensive HEIs consume more energy. We also find a small but statistically significant effect of energy prices on energy consumption, as might be expected. Simulation using the model parameters for an example scenario suggests that energy consumption will continue to increase unless there is a significant change in the policies driving income growth and spatial expansion in the HE sector in the UK.
Funding
DEMAND: Dynamics of Energy, Mobility and Demand; G1222; EPSRC-ENGINEERING & PHYSICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL; EP/K011723/1
R&D ECLEER Programme; EDF
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Published version
Journal
Applied EnergyISSN
0306-2619Publisher
ElsevierExternal DOI
Volume
233Page range
816-826Department affiliated with
- International Development Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2018-11-06First Open Access (FOA) Date
2018-11-06First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2018-11-05Usage metrics
Categories
No categories selectedKeywords
Licence
Exports
RefWorks
BibTeX
Ref. manager
Endnote
DataCite
NLM
DC